Sunday, September 15, 2019
Research and Statistics
HYPOTHESIS A hypothesis is a formal tentative statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables under study. Definition: A hypothesis is an assumption statement about the relationship between two or more variables that suggest an answer to the research question. OR Good & Hatt define hypothesis as shrewd guess or inference that is formulated and provisionally adopted to explain observed facts or conditions and to guide in further investigation. Importance: ? Hypothesis enables the researcher to objectively investigate new areas of discovery. Hypothesis provides objectivity to the research activity. ? It also provides direction to conduct research such as defining the sources and relevance of data. ? Hypothesis provides clear and specific goals to the researchers. ? Hypothesis provide link between theories and actual practical research. ? It provides a bridge between theory and reality. ? A hypothesis suggests which type of research is likely to be most appropriate. ? As it is tentative statement of anticipated results. ? It stimulating the thinking process of researcher as the researcher forms the hypothesis by anticipating outcome. It also determines the most appropriate research designs and techniques of data analysis. ? Hypothesis provides understanding to the researchers about what to except from the results of the research study. ? It serves as a framework for drawing conclusions of a research study. ? Without hypothesis, research would be like aimless wandering. Characteristics of a good hypothesis: The main characteristics of a good hypothesis as follows: ? Conceptual clarity: Hypothesis should consist of clearly defined and understandable concepts. Hypothesis can be stated in declarative statement, in present tense. Empirical referents: A good hypothesis must have empirical basis from the area of enquiry. ? Objectivity: Hypothesis must be objective, which facilitate objectivity in data collection. ? Specificity: It should be specific, not general, and should explain the expected relation between variables. ? Relevant: The hypothesis should be relevant to the problem being studied as well as the objectives of the study. ? Testability: Hypothesis should be testable and should not be a moral judgement. ? Consistency: A hypothesis should be consistent with an existing body of theories, research findings, and other hypothesis. Simplicity: A hypothesis should be formulated in simple and understandable terms. ? Availability of techniques: The researcher must make sure that methods are available for testing their proposed hypothesis. ? Purposiveness: The researcher must formulate only purposeful hypothesis. ? Verifiability: A good hypothesis can be actually verified in practical terms. ? Profundity of effect: A good research should have profound effect upon a variety of research variables. ? Economical: The expenditure of money and the time can be controlled if the hypothesis underlying the research undertaken is good. Sources of hypothesisHypothesis in research study cannot developed merely with wild guesses or assumptions , but they are generated from variety if sources such as theoretical or conceptual Frameworks, previous research findings,real life experiences and academic literature. ? Theoretical or conceptual frameworks: the most important sources of hypothesis are theoretical or conceptual framework developed for the study. Through a deductive approach these hypothesis are drawn from theoretical and conceptual framework for testing them. ? Previous research: findings of the previous research studies may be used for framing the hypothesis for another study. real life experiences: real life experiences also contribute in the formulation of hypothesis for research studies. ? Academic literature : it is based on formal theories, empirical evidences, experiences, observation and conceptualization of academicians. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Simple an complex hypothesis: Simple: It is a statement which reflects the relationship between two variables Complex: It is a statement which reflects the relationship between more than two variables. Associative and causal hypothesis: Associative: It reflects the relationship between variables that occur or exists in natural settings without manipulation.Causal: it predicts the cause and effect relationship between two or more dependent and independent variables in experimental or interventional. Directional and non directional hypothesis: Directional hypothesis: It specifies not only the existence, but also the expected direction of the relationship between variables. Non directional hypothesis: It reflects the relationship between two or more variables, but it does not specify the anticipated direction and nature of relationship such as positive or negative.Null and research hypothesis: Null hypothesis (H0):It is also known as statistical hypothesis and is used for statistical testing and interpretations of statistical outcome. Research h ypothesis(H1): It states the existence of relationship between two or more variables. Conclusion: The formulation of hypothesis plays an important part in the growth of knowledge in every science. Hypothesis converts the question posed by the research problem into a declarative statement that predicts an expected outcome. Bibliography: [pic]
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Pablo and Braque: Art after World War I Essay
World War I left a tremendously lasting impact all over the world. The economic, social and governmental devastation were immeasurable. The war begins in 1914 and lasted four years. Eight million people lost their lives many being civilians in what has been called the Great War.   Europe was left totally destroyed economically and socially. Europe fell due to how much the war cost and increased inflation forcing them to print more money (http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/great_war/effects.htm).  The bleak future caused many to slip into a depressive state because of the ugliness of the war. Europe was forcibly ushered into the industrial age. Those who enjoyed financial comfort before the war were now facing poverty (http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html).             It is hard to imagine then the destructive nature a war could have on the artistic community of that time. Many artist including Braque joined the war leaving behind their talents to pursue battle on the military front. Fighting side by side with their countrymen some lost their lives or sustained major wounds. Other artist witness the effect the Great War had in their home county. However, all were left with a lasting impact that was conveyed through their art work.  Boccioni, Macke, and Marc among others lost their lives fighting or a result of the war. Artists like Picasso and Gris were not asked to enlist to fight because they were in neutral countries. However, many of the artists enlisted because of loyalty to their country or to be part of the drama of the war. Up until this period artists did not have to become part of the war (http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html).            After the war, many artists relived the memories of the war through their sketches and drawings. Others were so depressed by what they saw took their artwork in an opposite direction. Paintings were mainly of city life. There was a hesitation to show the cruelty of the war. Many photographers would only print pictures that show bodies of the enemy, but later photographs of bodies of Germany and French soldiers were shown lying next to each other. (http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html).            The Treaty of Versailles was only a symbolic end to the war. The after effects of the war were still sending shock waves long after the signing of the treaty. Governments became more liberal and Germany angered over the humiliation forcibly lead to the Second World War (http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/great_war/effects.htm).  The war had a tremendous impact on the artistic community during and after. Two notable artists of that time Braque and Picasso each reacted to the war through their artistic en devours. For one their faceted style was maintained after the war while the other was left temporarily unable to paint transcended into more still life and back brilliant colors perhaps to phase out the bleakness of the war. Braque’s and Picasso’s style differed after thee war due to the destruction left by the war, Braque’s injury sustained during the war, and notoriety of Picasso during and after the war.            World War I lasted from August 1914 to November 1919. It involved most of Europe and the United States. It was fought from every conceivable position-air, above ground, underground, on water, and under water. This was the first total war where countries used their total population and resources to fight. France lost a whole generation by taking the lives of millions of Frenchmen (Encarta 2005, World War I). The massive body count could not be conceived until the war had ended. The world had not had a war that impacted the entire world until this one. It was only referred to as World War I when World War II begins until then it was called the Great War. It begins with the assassination of Archduke of Ferdinand in 1914 and ended with the demised of three empires: Germany, Russia, and Austro-Hungary. The war sped up the revolution of Europe ushering the technological and scientific age. The war gave rise to the Soviet Union and the Nazi regime because of the humiliation felt by Germany. The face of central Europe was changed for the next twenty years. Painters of every conceivable kind were on the front lines fighting side by side their comrades. Several died during the war such as Boccioni, Macke, Marc and La Fresnaye. Neutral countries such a Spain the home to Picasso and Gris were not asked to fight. Artist s from every genre was asked to fight. Legar was a stretch-bearer, Kokoschka a cavalryman, and Beckmann a medic. They all wrote and painted about what they saw and did.   These artists left a heart wrenching account of the devastation of the war. Their artwork is a testimony.            Little research has been done or their artwork has been forgotten. This probably due to the painful memories associated with the war. Others who made it through chose not depict the drama of war and their style became totally different than before. (http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva /projects/great_war/effects.htm).            One such artist was George Braque who style after the war was different in color and subject matter. He was one of their own from France who fought in the war. He was born in Argenteuil-sur-Seine which was later the home of the impressionist movement. His father and grandfather were both house painters and young George followed in his father and grandfather footsteps. At age 15 Braque’s family moved to Le Haurve and George started taking courses at a local art school. He started his career as an interior decorator. Braque moved to Paris at age 17 to fully submerse himself in his passion for space and color. He enlisted into the military and in 1902 with the financial backing of his family he attended a private art school the vole des Beaux-Arts. He was inspired by African and Greek sculptures and often the visit the Lourve for ideas (http://www.mes.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html).            George Braque painting was influence greatly by the Fauves-Matisse and Derain. Their wild eclectic style was called Fauvism. Fauvism emphasized wild vivid colors like that of Van Gogh (Encarta 2005 Fauvism). Like some of the artist of the time Braque wanted to challenge the traditional themes in artwork. He wanted his paintings to evoke an emotion, a discussion, and a mood. He accomplished such a task with works like Antwerp and Landscape at La Ciotat of 1906. These paintings showed the vivid colors of Fauvism, but little line . After a year of Fauvism, Braque became impressed by the styles of Paul Cezanne call the father of â€Å"modern art†(Cezanne, Encarta 2005). Cezanne artwork was the opposite of Fauvism. It restored order to the style of the â€Å"wild beasts†of Matisse and Derain. This when the cubist style was formed. Braque admired the way Cezanne’s â€Å"distorted forms†led Braque to immolate that style (http://www.mes.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html). Cubism defies convention just like Fauvism, but unlike his early work everything-landscapes, houses, people-are reduced to geometric cubes. The colors were bland and the subjects were unemotional. Such as one of his earlier cubist work Little Harbor in Normandy of 1909.            Cubism can be broken into two genres: Analytical Cubism and Synthetic Cubism. It was then in 1909 when Braque formed a friendship with Pablo Picasso that together they revolutionized the Cubist movement. Analytical cubism lasted for roughly two years. From 1911 on synthetic cubism became known. In both genres geometric shapes were used, but now the subject was less fragmented and more recognizable (http://pablo-picasso.paintings.name/). Cubism originated from a rivalry between Picasso and Matisse. Matisse Blue Painting caused a scandal at the exhibit the Paris art show. This how Matisse and others received the title Les Fauves. At around the same time Picasso produced Desmoiselles and young artists that once followed Matisse now begin emulating the style of Picasso including Braque. This infuriated Matisse and others to the point of rejecting all of Braque’s work. Matisse tried to discredit Braque’s work by showing how it was made out of little cubes and that this artistic style was easy to replicate. The term cubism was born and catapulted Braque and Picasso. It marked the beginning of abstract art, even though the art form should dimensions of the subject being painted. Nonetheless, cubism owes it creation to notable artists (http://pablo-picasso.paintings.name/).            In the beginning Picasso’s and Braque’s work dealt with neutral colors and subdued subjects. Objects were shown from a 3-dimensional perspective (http://painting.about.com/). An early example of his work is the Violin and the Candlestick represented analytical cubism. The subdued colors along with the geometric shapes are seen. However, one can not called this artwork fully abstract as the subjects of the painting are still visible and the three dimensional sides are visible (http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http). Braque and Picasso worked so closely together that at times their work was indistinguishable (http://www.safran-arts.com/42day/art/art4aug/art0831.html#cmc).  Both he and Picasso began experimenting with collage and would add bits of objects such as paper to their artwork (http//www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html).            Pablo Ruiz y Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain. He can be called a genius in the art world and undoubtedly a brilliant painter. His father was an art professor so he was destine from birth to become one of the most immovable faces of art (http://www.biography.com/picasso). He moved to Paris where many friendships formed with other artists including George Braque. His work is labeled by different periods. The Blue period showed his use of the color and a representative of the mood of the time. His Rose period featured a more primitive style of art. However, it was the art form of Cubism that made Picasso famous. He shocks his fans and critics with Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907). In this work he used African themes with unemotional subjects painted with varying shades of color (http//www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html).            The bond formed between Braque and Picasso was broken by the First World War. Braque like many artists enlisted into the French Army to show loyalty for his country. Braque served in the Great War for two years: 1914 to 1916. Braque entered the army as a sergeant. He was decorated twice for bravery. During the war he sustained a significant head wound in 1916 which left him temporarily blind. He spent several months recovering in a hospital. After, he was sent to a nursing home where he spent his time expressing quotes about life and art that start long before the war. A friend put together a book with all of Braque’s â€Å"aphorisms†.  Braque did not begin painting again until 1917. He rejoined the Cubist movement after the military which was now in the synthetic phase (http://www.free-termpapers.com/tp/5/ame43.shtml). Perhaps due to the cruelty of the war or the sever head wound he sustained while fighting, his artistic style quickly changed. Braque left the theme of traditional cubism and returned more to his original roots. He started using more â€Å"softer†drawings, brilliant color and more of an personal influence as in his work the 1919 Playing Cards (www.megaessays.com/ viewpaper/21985.html).. His paintings became more textured after moving to the coast of Normandy. He did not reflect the war in his work, perhaps not wanting to relieve the pain of the war. Braque along with painting also became an engraver, lithographer, and a sculptor. He along with Loewenfield turned his paintings into different images such as jewelry and books. Both had a love for precious stones which solidified their friendship. The idea of taking 2-dimensional objects and turning them into 3-dimensional objects allowed them to create over 100 different jewels. The Apollon Gallery featured their work in 1963 later that year Braque passed away at the age of 81 (www.genesisgallery.com/html/bios/373.html).            During the Great War, Picasso went to Rome where he met and married a Russian dancer named Olga Koklova. In Rome he worked with designer Sergey Diaghilev. He made several portraits of their son (Paulo as Harlequin, 1924) and of their friends. His work reflected neoclassical style showing voluptuous women (Women at the Spring, 1921) and mythological beings (The Pipes of the Pan, 1923). Picasso also picture strange creatures and crudely painted women (Sleeping Woman in Armchair, 1927) which may have indicate trouble in his first marriage (http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/picasso_bio.htm). After the war, went further in his exploration of his style. He emphasized color and dream-like images. Although it appears that Picasso’s artwork wasn’t greatly affected by the war like Braque. Picasso being a spanish citizen living in Paris was able to continue his work. However, he wasn’t without grief. The country was feeling the ill effects of the war and Picasso had to deal with the scrutiny of his friends not having to enlist. His paintings reflected the depressive mood of that time. Picasso had to also deal with the passing of his lady friend Eva Gouel (http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/ picasso/ section8.rhtml).            After the war he tried to stay close to cubism, but was also developing a unique style of his own. He returned to more traditional styles maybe in attempt to be recogzed for his own work and not be associated any longer with the cubist movement and his close friend Braque. It is not noted if their friendship continued after the war. Picasso struck up a friendship with a young poet and became involved with the Russian ballet (http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/ picasso/ section8.rhtml).            The War left major devastation in it is path. No one was left unaffected by the fighting especially the artistic community. Braque and Picasso were the 20 century most notable artists. Their style impacted not only the artistic community but all who enjoy art. However, the war seems to have left a permanent impact on George Braque as seen in his latter artwork. His style softened a contrast to the harshness of war. He focused on still life perhaps to view the world as calmer and beautiful. Picasso artwork changed very little. The notoriety he obtained probably shielded him from the devastation of the war. Perhaps, not being on the front lines allowed him to miss out on the cruelty that came from the war. Whatever the reason, both before, during and after the war, became two great artists emerging and remaining among the brilliance of the 20th century.    Bibliography            http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/great_war/effects.htm            http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html.             World War I, 2005 Encarta Encyclopedia.             http://www.mes.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html            Fauvism, 2005 Encarta Encyclopedia.             http://pablo-picasso.paintings.name             http://painting.about.com/             http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http             http://www.free-termpapers.com/tp/5/ame43.shtml             www.megaessays.com/ viewpaper/21985.html            www.genesisgallery.com/html/bios/373.htm             http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/picasso_bio.htm            Cezanne, 2005 Encarta Encyclopedia            (http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/ picasso/ section8.rhtml).             http://www.biography.com/picasso
Friday, September 13, 2019
World History - Empires& integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
World History - Empires& integration - Essay Example donian army and established hegemony over neighboring Greece, Thrace and Illyria after his decisive victory over the combined Greek forces at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C. After his assassination, his son Alexander III (356 – 323 B.C.), one of the greatest military geniuses of all time, quelled the Greek rebellion, subjugated the Persian Empire after the battles of Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela and extended the Macedonian Empire up to the Punjab in India. Alexander’s premature death led to conflicts of succession and his Empire was carved up among his generals into Macedonia and Greece (Antigones), Egypt (Ptolemy) and Asia (Seleucus). With the Roman victories in the Macedonian Wars and the death of the last Macedonian king Perseus at Pydna in 168 B.C., followed by the Roman victories over Egypt and the Seleucid forces, Macedonia became a Roman province and the great Macedonian Empire disappeared (Macedonia, 2006). Alexander attempted to integrate all the disparate regions of his conquests into one unified Empire. He adopted Persian dress, retained defeated princes as governors of their provinces, discoursed with Indian philosophers, encouraged and legitimized intermarriages between his soldiers and the natives and himself married the Persian Emperor Darius’ daughter Barsine and the Bactrian, Roxanne. He established programmes to introduce Greek and Macedonian culture to the Persians. After his death, which is considered to end of the Classical Period, large scale migration of Greeks and Macedonians into the conquered territories marked the Hellinistic Age, when the establishment of Greek speaking cities throughout the Empire and the increased movement of people and ideas spread Greek civilization to Asia and Egypt. This Hellenistic legacy lasted beyond the end of the Empire (The Encyclopedia of World History, 2001). However, the disintegration of the Macedonian Empire and its’ a bsorption into the Byzantine, Slav and Turkish Empires led to the
Thursday, September 12, 2019
Euthanasia Or Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Euthanasia Or Abortion - Essay Example The older concept was never differentiated from suicide and both activities were seen as similar in historic times and the definition assigned to the word euthanasia was very different from current world’s definition. In the Greek period, the act of euthanasia was recognized a means of death which was happy and satisfactory in nature and was hardly ever used and it was not used as a means of assisted suicide or mercy killing as it is use today. The meaning of the concept of euthanasia has experienced various changes in English language. In different periods, in different cultures, the definition of the word has altered from a happy means of death to murder which is not acceptable by the society or the law. Those individuals who are in favor of euthanasia state that not all societies in the past had a negative opinion on euthanasia and the western culture even favored it. For example the Eskimos used to conduct activities almost similar to euthanasia when an individual suffered from physical illnesses and became dependant on others, this especially used to take place while the resources became short or scarce (Atwood-Gailey 24). But these practices were only operated after enough care was given to the patient and there was no way to cure the patient. Even during the older period, the elders or those who were recognized as seniors used to give up their own lives in activities such as euthanasia for the betterment and the wellbeing of their children and upcoming generations. Pros and Cons The main advantage of euthanasia is that this activity can save the immense suffering that a patient goes through while he/she is on death bed and suffering from a disease that is incurable and very painful. Secondly it is the right of every individual to decide what is right or wrong for him/her and they have equal liberty to decide about their health, even the US constitution states that all individuals are free. Patients suffering from incurable disease are mostly those who loose the ability to even conduct their basic tasks such as washing themselves and taking care of themselves and they become dependant on others (McDougall 200). Due to these patients who want to die as independent individual and who give great importance to their dignity should be allowed to indulge in euthanasia. A huge amount of money is spend in taking care and hospitalization of a terminally ill patient, in certain cases individuals have ended up selling their own estates and what ever they own to cure themselves but certain illnesses are incurable and death is the destiny. In such cases euthanasia will help the individual in saving his treasure and passing it on to the upcoming generations so they can live a better life. Ample amount of the time of the physicians and nurses is wasted on terminally ill patient as they require higher degree of care, this time can be used to save and cure those patients who have higher probability of being cured. When individuals are termina lly ill, they start loosing their organs one by one, if these organs can be saved through euthanasia, some other patients who still have higher probability of living can benefit from these organs. Families are even adversely impacted when their loved ones are near to death and are suffering from
Wednesday, September 11, 2019
Immunohistochemical method for identification of ebstein barr virus Essay
Immunohistochemical method for identification of ebstein barr virus from the tonsil tissue - Essay Example After performing a series of tests on these samples, it was confirmed that none of these patients had any sort of malignancy or Infectious Mononucleosis. Also, almost all of them had antibodies to EBNA indicating that they were not in acute phase of EBV infection. As there is no in vitro natural system for EBV replication, most of the studies have relied upon the semipermissive EBV carrying Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines. In this technique, various means are used to induce the reproductive cycle of the virus. The EBV gene products obtained as a result include a protein product of the BZLF 1 gene, called as ZEBRA. This protein plays a role in switching the virus from latency to the lytic cycle.Moreover, another protein called as the viral capsid antigen (VCA) is expressed only in the virus producing cells. This one is in close relation with the capsid of the viral particles. Thus keeping the above information in mind, the following study can be understood.This immunohistochemica l detection revealed the expression of ZEBRA and VCA in about 7-10 of a total of 700 tonsillar mononuclear cells. Three of the eight donors showed the cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Morphologically, these ZEBRA and VCA-positive cells had a resemblance with the lymphocytes. Also, they were found in the same area as the tonsillar mononuclear cells.In order to assess the relationship between the epithelium and EBV lytic proteins, antibodies to ZEBRA, VCA and cytokeratin were obtained and the serial tissue sections were reacted with them.
Tuesday, September 10, 2019
Management Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Management Planning - Essay Example In words by Nash (2006) planning of management systems ensures there is a perfect flow of ideas and strategies throughout a specific period of time and of the required consistency. The same sentiments are reiterated by Humby, Hunt & Philips (2006) who argues that consistency in the management team creates the whole difference in terms of excellence and success in an organization. Management planning involves all the factors and department in an organization. All departments in an organization have different objectives and goals set to them for achievement. For a good management team, all these objectives should be achieved within the specified timeline and by the required standards. In creating a good management planning systems, department heads should be included in the planning structure. In support of this suggestion, Vanessa (2010) argues that management planning involves more of incorporation of the whole organization rather than the top management team. The author further argu es that employees should also be considered when formulating a management plan. The brief of the paper will be an inclusion of the factors that affect managerial performance. Additionally, solutions and suggestions to solve these factors will be provided. For a clear perspective, the paper will analyze the managerial performance of TESCO PLC Company. ... In its operation, the companies sell at least 40, 000 products in its stores. From its sales, their brand accounts for a total of 50% of the sales (Datamonitor, 2004). This fact has been made possible by the fact that the organization has been in the market for a significant period to gain a large competitive advantage and consumer support. The total accounted for customers of the organization add up 3.4 million people (Datamonitor, 2004). Apart from the external environment success, the internal arrangement of the organization is outstanding. The organization has a well formulated and compact managerial team headed by the chairman of the executive board. Beneath the chairman there are numerous executive positions that are aimed at subdividing the managerial responsibilities across the whole organization. The organization has seven executive board members in managerial positions and seven non executive board members in the other managerial positions. An inclusion to the management te am is the company secretary who falls under the senior management team (Datamonitor, 2004). Explain how interpersonal relationships and communication skills affect managerial performance In any organization communication and relationships form the basis of the success of an organization. In words by Jordan (2008) interpersonal relationships in an organization shape the organizational culture. The author further argues that communication in an organization is a great determinant of the organizational culture in an organization. The effect of these two factors on the managerial performance is based on the specific requirements of the employees. For instance, the management team is provided with the obligation of providing instructions and
Monday, September 9, 2019
Analytical response to a poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Analytical response to a poem - Essay Example The poet is successful in creating the nightmarish situation before the readers through the careful selection of images, symbols, allegories, diction, etc. and thereupon to indicate the situation of the world he lives in. "Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; / Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, / The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere / The ceremony of innocence is drowned" (Yeats, lines 3-6) According to the speaker of the poem, the best people in the world lack all conviction, whereas the worst "are full of passionate intensity." Therefore, a reflective analysis of the poem "The Second Coming" by William Butler Yeats, it becomes lucid that the poet employs harsh imagery, powerful language, and strong symbolism in order to warn readers of a world in a chaotic downfall and the approach of the birth of an antichrist in a new two thousand year cycle. This paper undertakes a profound investigation of the use of imagery, symbolism, and poetic language in the poem "The Second Coming" in order to determine the main themes as well as aesthetic characteristics of the poem. The poem "The Second Coming" by WB Yeats belongs to the Modernist poetry and the poet has been effective in incorporating the various poetic techniques of the Modernist poetry. ... "Turning / and turn / ing in / the widen / ing gyre // The fal / con can / not hear / the fal / coner" (Yeats, lines 1-2) Significantly, the rhymes of the poem are haphazard too and there are only coincidental rhymes in the poem, such as "man" and "sun", apart from the two opening couplets of the poem. Thus, the major rhymes of the poem include "gyre" and "falconer", "hold" and "world", and "man" and "sun". The poem is written in two stanzas - the first one with eight lines and the second one with sixteen lines. In a reflective analysis of the imagery used by the poet in "The Second Coming", one recognizes that Yeats begins his prophetic poem with harsh and dark imagery which effectively conveys the message of the poet. The opening image of 'the widening gyre' which suggests the historical movement or trend started at the birth of Jesus Christ is figured as a falcon's towering and the images such as 'falcon', 'falconer', 'Mere anarchyloosed upon the world' etc indicates the kind of world that the poet lives in. Similarly, other images like 'blood-dimmed tide', 'ceremony of innocence', 'passionate intensity', 'the Second Coming', 'vast image out of Spiritus Mundi, 'shape with lion body and the head of a man', 'indignant desert birds', 'stony sleep', 'rocking cradle', etc help the author in effectively conveying his points. Therefore, the stunning, violent, harsh and dark imagery used in the poem makes it greatly appealing to the readers and the author efficiently communicates to the readers t hrough these images. The use of strong and convincing symbolism has made significant contribution to the success of "The Second Coming" which is Yeats' most
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